Method Overloading & Overriding

🔁 Method Overloading vs. Method Overriding in Python

Feature	Method Overloading	Method Overriding
Concept	Same method name, different parameters	Redefining a parent class method in a subclass
Defined In	Same class	Child class (inherits from parent class)
Python Support	Not true overloading (handled manually)	Fully supported

🧠 Real-Life Analogy

Method Overloading:

Think of a calculator app where the add() button works for:

2 numbers → add(2, 3)

3 numbers → add(2, 3, 4)

Strings → add("Hello", "World")

The function name is the same (add), but it behaves differently depending on the arguments.

Method Overriding:

Think of a base class Vehicle with a method start_engine().

A Car overrides it to start with a key, while a Bike overrides it to start with a kick.

The method name is the same, but the subclass provides its own version.

🔧 Method Overloading in Python (Manually Handled)

Python doesn’t support traditional method overloading like Java or C++, but we can simulate it using default arguments or *args.

✅ Example: Overloading with `args`

class Calculator:
    def add(self, *args):
        return sum(args)

calc = Calculator()
print(calc.add(2, 3))        # 5
print(calc.add(2, 3, 4))     # 9
print(calc.add())            # 0

Real-Life Example:

class Greeting:
    def say_hello(self, name=None):
        if name:
            print(f"Hello, {name}!")
        else:
            print("Hello, there!")

greet = Greeting()
greet.say_hello()            # Hello, there!
greet.say_hello("Alice")     # Hello, Alice!